中國文化大學教師教學大綱

課程資料

K235 林木健康及風險評估 開課學期:1151
開課班級: 森保系 4
授課教師:王義仲 選修 學期課 學分數:2.0 大恩 0406 星期三 11:10-13:00
K235 TREE HEALTH AND RISK ASSESSMENT 2026 Fall
Department of Forestry and Nature Conservation 4
Professor:WANG, YI-CHUNG Elective Semester Credits: 2.0 Da En 0406 Wednesday 11:10-13:00

發展願景

傳揚中華文化,促進跨領域創新,與時精進,邁向國際
It is our objective to promote Chinese culture, enhance cross-disciplinary innovation, seek constant advancement, and embrace global community.

辦學宗旨

秉承質樸堅毅校訓,承東西之道統,集中外之精華,研究高深學術, 培養專業人才,服務社會,致力中華文化之發揚, 促進國家發展.
Based on our motto—“Temperament, Simplicity, Strength, and Tenacity,” “inheriting the merits of the East and the West” and “absorbing the essence of Chinese and foreign cultures,” we make it our mission to pursue advanced research, develop professional talents, serve the society, promote Chinese culture and support national development.

校教育目標
校基本素養
校核心能力

院核心能力

跨領域整合與創新應用 Cross-domain integration and innovative applications
永續經營與資源管理 Sustainable Operations and Resource Management
實務操作與問題解決 Practical Operation and Problem Solving
專業技能與社會實踐 Professional skills and social practice
國際觀與全球永續視野 International perspective and global sustainability vision

系教育目標

培育兼具專業實務能力及道德文化涵養之森林與自然保育人才 Cultivating forest and nature conservation talents with both professional practical skills and moral and cultural literacy

系核心能力

倫理道德觀念 ethics
專業知識技能 professional knowledge and skills
野外實務操作 field operations
溝通合作能力 communication and cooperation skills
生態人文素養 ecological and humanistic literacy

課程目標

未來能藉由此專業知識從事森林撫育、種苗培育、植病照顧及第一線從業人員等相關工作。 In the future, I will be able to use this professional knowledge to engage in related work such as forest tending, seedling cultivation, plant disease care, and front-line practitioners.

課程能力

倫理道德觀念 ethics (比重 10%)
專業知識技能 professional knowledge and skills (比重 40%)
野外實務操作 field operations (比重 30%)
溝通合作能力 communication and cooperation skills (比重 10%)
生態人文素養 ecological and humanistic literacy (比重 10%)

課程概述

本課程為樹藝學相關理論,包括樹木健康診斷和植物疾病、植物健康照護、樹木風險評估與管理、林木健康照護PHC原理與程序、林木之非破壞性檢測及碳吸收效益之評估等。 This course is related to arboriculture theory, including tree health diagnosis and plant disease, plant health care, tree risk assessment and management, PHC principles and procedures of forest health care, non-destructive detection of forest trees and evaluation of carbon absorption benefits, etc.

授課內容

風險評估是針對部分或全部樹體發生掉落或傾倒,造成損害或傷害之可能性評估過程。樹藝師執行樹木風險評估,藉由預測及防止樹木結構性破壞(structure failure)促進公共安全、保護工作者、促進樹木健康長壽。樹木風險評估(Tree Risk Assessment, TRA)是東亞地區樹藝學發展最快的主題。一棵健康的樹,不如一棵安全的樹;樹木傾倒斷落(tree failure)可能會引起官司、媒體抨擊、公眾對樹木的恐懼。樹木擁有者或管理者是最終決定「可接受風險」的一方;需要平衡樹木保存及公眾安全。最後不得已時才砍樹。三個要素:樹木傾倒斷落之潛勢、引發樹倒的環境因素、風險標的物。樹木傾倒斷落潛勢:樹倒的可能性,例如死樹、斷枝、嚴重傾斜(傾斜40度以上)。環境因素:會促使樹倒的外在條件,例如風暴、淹水、閃電。標的物(target):樹倒可能會壓到的物體或人,例如車子、房子、人。
人是價值最高的標的物;沒有標的物,就沒有風險。
Risk assessment is the process of assessing the possibility of damage or injury caused by falling or toppling of part or all of the tree. Arborists perform tree risk assessments to promote public safety, protect workers, and promote tree health and longevity by predicting and preventing tree structural failure. Tree Risk Assessment (TRA) is the fastest growing topic in arboriculture in East Asia. A healthy tree is not as good as a safe tree; tree failure may cause lawsuits, media attacks, and public fear of trees. The tree owner or manager is the one who ultimately determines the "acceptable risk"; there needs to be a balance between tree preservation and public safety. Cut down trees as a last resort. Three elements: the potential for trees to fall and fall, environmental factors that cause trees to fall, and risk targets. Tree Falling Potential: Possibility of tree falling, such as dead tree, broken branches, severe leaning (more than 40 degrees). Environmental Factors: External conditions that can cause a tree to fall, such as storms, flooding, and lightning. Target: An object or person that may be crushed by a tree fall, such as a car, house, or person.
People are the most valuable objects; without objects, there is no risk.



授課方式

以教師講授課程為主,含一次校外專家演講,最後上課將進行調查成果分組報告,預計進行約4學時。以上共計授課32小時, 由於各章節之授課內容會有增減變動,上述之課程進度為預估,實際之授課進度可能有小幅度之差異。
The course is mainly taught by teachers, including a lecture by an outside expert. At the end of the class, there will be a group report on the investigation results, which is expected to last for about 4-6 class hours. A total of 30 hours of teaching are given above. Due to changes in the teaching content of each chapter, the above-mentioned course progress is an estimate, and the actual teaching progress may have a small difference.

評量方式

課程能力
/評量方式
倫理道德觀念 (比重 10%)專業知識技能 (比重 40%)野外實務操作 (比重 30%)溝通合作能力 (比重 10%)生態人文素養 (比重 10%)
出席紀錄考核評量 Attendance%%%%%%
期中測驗評量 Midterm exam%%%%%%
期末口頭報告%%%%%%
期末書面報告與自主學習%%%%%%

上課用書

(師生應遵守智慧財產權及不得非法影印)
本課程無主教科書。以上課教材為主。
There is no textbook for this course. Based on teaching materials.

參考書目

(師生應遵守智慧財產權及不得非法影印)
1. Dunster, J.A., Smiley E.T., Matheny N., Lilly S. (2013) Tree risk assessment manual, International Society of arboriculture, 198pp.
2.都市林健康美化協會 (2017) 樹藝學概論 华艺公司出版 360pp。
3. 林振荣 (2016) 树木健全性评估及管理参考手册 台大树木科技有限公司 251pp。
4. 林業試驗所 (2018) 台日树木医手册 林業试验所出版 353pp
5. 李有田(2018)把樹種好 城邦文化事業公司出版 270 pp。
6. 都市林健康美化協會(2017) 樹木風險評估手冊 城邦文化公司出版 200pp。
7. 楊淳正譯(2016) 樹木的診斷與治療  新自然主義出版 186PP

課程需求

要報告

1-2人一組進行20株樹之健康風險評估,以目視法進行,做出完整報告並上台進行口頭報告。在期末考前進行4學時成果報告與心得分組分享,同時須繳交所製作之書面報告,報告中須包含自主學習過程參與研討會聽演講之心得。
歡迎預約問題討論或親臨大功館308室。
A group of 1-2 people conducts the health risk assessment of 20 trees, conducts visually, makes a complete report and gives an oral report on stage.
4 hours of achievement report and experience group sharing before the final exam. At the same time, a written report must be submitted. The report must include the experience of participating in the seminar and listening to the lectures during the independent learning process.
Welcome to make an appointment for discussion or visit Room 308 of Dagong Hall.

輔導時間

教師聯絡資訊

Email:ycwang@ulive.pccu.edu.tw
分機:31311

課程進度

  1. 2025/09/16課程介紹:本章介紹林木健康,如何評估林木之健康程度,林木之效益主要包括林木之淨化空氣與生長之碳吸存,並介紹如何去評估效益。
    Course Introduction: This chapter introduces forest health and how to evaluate the health of forest trees. The benefits of forest trees mainly include air purification and carbon sequestration by growth of trees. It also introduces how to evaluate the benefits.
  2. 2025/09/23第1章、都市林木之效益:本章介紹林木生長過程對環境產生之效益,主要介紹林木在都市環境、經濟及美學上之意義,尤其對空氣及噪音之淨化與減低。
    Chapter 1. Benefits of urban trees: This chapter introduces the benefits of the growth process of trees on the environment. It mainly introduces the significance of trees in the urban environment, economy and aesthetics, especially the purification and reduction of air and noise.

    備註

    都市林(urban forest)狹義指街道及市區內生長之樹木,廣義指人口集中的都市區及鄰近郊區之各類植群生長之區域,是城市景觀重要的一環,更是都市之肺,調節溫濕度提供新鮮空氣等。健康的都市林木具有,生物功能(biological functions)社會功能(provide services to society),更可以發揮生態效益,對都市具有莫大幫助,美國2018年最新研究成果指出,可以減少都市的犯罪率及槍擊案,並可減少憂鬱症開處方之比率。
    都市林(urban forest)狹義指街道及市區內生長之樹木,廣義指人口集中的都市區及鄰近郊區之各類植群生長之區域,是城市景觀重要的一環,更是都市之肺,調節溫濕度提供新鮮空氣等。健康的都市林木具有,生物功能(biological functions)社會功能(provide services to society),更可以發揮生態效益,對都市具有莫大幫助,美國2018年最新研究成果指出,可以減少都市的犯罪率及槍擊案,並可減少憂鬱症開處方之比率。
  3. 2025/09/30第2章、林木栽植與健康:林木健康與栽植前準備有諸多關聯性,本章將以都市林為例介紹栽植與健康之關聯,良好之栽植前準備將是林木生長健康首要之務。
    林木生長與支撐系統:林木支撐系統,林木利用鋼纜、支撐杆、固定拉索等不同支撐方式,支撐系統檢查及維護,技術及材料。
    Chapter 1. Benefits of urban trees: This chapter introduces the benefits of the growth process of trees on the environment. It mainly introduces the significance of trees in the urban environment, economy and aesthetics, especially the purification and reduction of air and noise.
    Chapter 2, Forest planting and health: There are many correlations between forest health and preparation before planting. This chapter will use urban forest as an example to introduce the relationship between planting and health. Good preparation before planting will be the first priority for the growth and health of forest trees.
    Forest growth and support system: forest support system, forest trees use different support methods such as steel cables, support poles, fixed cables, etc., support system inspection and maintenance, technology and materials.

    備註


  4. 2025/10/07第3章、林木生長與支撐系統:林木支撐系統,林木利用鋼纜、支撐杆、固定拉索等不同支撐方式,支撐系統檢查及維護,技術及材料。
    Chapter 3, Forest growth and support system: Forest support system, forest trees use different support methods such as steel cables, support poles, fixed cables, etc., support system inspection and maintenance, technology and materials.

    備註

    樹木的固定(Tree Stabilization)可選擇支架(Staking)及拉索(Guying):
    並非總是必要的。樹木適當的球根大小和根部伸展,可以自行固定。
    持續使用支架會妨礙樹木發展尖削結構(Taper)和根部發育,就像健康的人總是架著拐杖走路。樹木必須接受風吹外力以形成反應木(Reaction Wood),幫助健全樹形和根系的發展。
  5. 2025/10/14第4章、林木健康照護原理與程式(一):本章介紹林木健康,如何在林木初期得到外在病理傷害時有最佳之處置。
    Chapter 4, Principles and Procedures of Forest Health Care (1): This chapter introduces forest health and how to best deal with external pathological damage in the early stages of forest trees.

    備註

    解釋植物健康照護(plant health care, PHC)之原理,並敘述其與整合性有害生物管理(Integrated Pest Management, IPM)之關係。
    解釋適當反應程式(appropriate response process, ARP)觀念,以及其如何應用在植物健康問題的診斷及處理。
    比較並對照植物依照季節及環境逆境而分配資源的方式。
    描述有效監測程式的內容,並解釋為何監測是植物健康管理策略不可或缺的部分。
    確認病蟲害管理方案的範圍,及各方案之優點及限制因數。
    解釋為何預防性策略經常是植物健康照護(PHC)所必要的。

  6. 2025/10/21第4章林木健康照護原理與程序(二):林木是一種具有可再生之資源,但其生長仍受到很多因素的影響,譬如其本身的遺傳因數、生育地的狀況、生長期間的氣候條件、育林技術等,但生長之林木卻需較佳之或一致之照護方式,本章介紹整個照護程式。
    Chapter 4 Principles and Procedures of Forest Health Care (2): Forest trees are a renewable resource, but their growth is still affected by many factors, such as their own genetic factors, the conditions of the birthplace, and the climate during the growth period. Conditions, silviculture techniques, etc., but growing trees require better or consistent care methods. This chapter introduces the entire care program.

    備註

    以往,廣域性農藥(pesticide)及速效肥料是樹木照護普遍使用的物品,以試圖控制有害生物族群,並增進植物之生長。今日,完善的管理作業已轉移焦點至維持植物的健康,同時將有害生物的族群管理在可容忍的水準下。

    植物健康照護(Plant Health Care, PHC)的樹木管理法認為,在大部分案例中,樹木的健康問題是諸多因數之結果,而非單一的肇因。
  7. 2025/10/28第4章、 林木健康照護原理與程序(三):本章介紹林木健康,如何在林木初期得到外在病理傷害時有最佳之處置。
    Chapter 4. Principles and procedures of forest health care (3): This chapter introduces forest health and how to best deal with external pathological damage in the early stages of forest trees.


    備註

    植物健康照護(Plant Health Care, PHC)的樹木管理法:
       進行管理決策時採用整體性的方法評估樹木健康問題,著眼于植物本身及其與景觀中各生物與非生物元素間的交互作用
    PHC 嘗試在問題開始之前就進行預防,這些主動且更有效益的植物健康管理包括1.合理的規劃、2.樹種的選擇以及各式3.改良生育地與4.土壤狀況的栽培作業。5.再結合細心的監測管理,便能大幅減少對農藥及其它治療性處理的依賴性。
  8. 2025/11/04期中考 Midterm Exam.
  9. 2025/11/11第5章、林木健康與疾病(一):樹木病害的病兆及病徵及區別致病生物及非生物因數。
    Chapter 5, Forest Health and Disease (1): Signs and symptoms of tree diseases and the distinction between pathogenic biological and abiotic factors.

    備註

    判斷植物的健康問題是由生物性或非生物性因子造成。
    敘述診斷原則和系統性植物的診斷技術。
    解釋環境逆境如何削弱樹木,並引發其他問題。
    鑑定樹木病害的病兆和病徵。
    區別生物性和非生物性的異常。
    探討各種樹木生理性病害與有效的防治管理方法。
    探討常見樹木病蟲害及其對植物的影響。
  10. 2025/11/18第5章、 林木健康與疾病(二):診斷原則和技術,各種樹木病害目前常用防治管理辦法與環境逆境及病害關係。
    Chapter 5, Forest Health and Disease (2): Diagnostic principles and techniques, currently commonly used prevention and management methods for various tree diseases, and their relationship with environmental adversities and diseases.





    備註

    進行樹木健檢時,我們往往需要結合知識、經驗、敏銳的觀察力及邏輯推演的能力。樹藝師 (Arborists) 必須利用手中線索和知識來為植物進行診斷。
    然而正確診斷僅是防治管理的第一步;第二步,也是最重要的一步,則是於診斷後提出適當的建議 和防治管理的策略。
  11. 2025/11/25第6章、 林木外觀目視診斷:使用目視樹木評估法(VTA法)對樹木進行非破壞性檢測,利用評估表對樹木的根部、冠層狀態、樹冠密度、活冠層比例、樹冠有無梢枯進行健康度評分,依綜合評分將樹木的安全度分級。
    Chapter 6. Visual diagnosis of forest appearance: Use the visual tree assessment method (VTA method) to conduct non-destructive testing of trees, and use the evaluation table to evaluate the roots, canopy status, crown density, living canopy proportion, and crown density of the trees. Wushougui conducts a health score and grades the safety of the trees based on the comprehensive score.

    備註

    都市林隨處可見,所有管理單位有責任確保人的安全與林木健康
    風險評估是針對部分或全部樹體發生掉落或傾倒,造成損害或傷害之可能性評估過程。
    樹藝師執行樹木風險評估,藉由預測及防止樹木結構性破壞(structure failure)
    促進公共安全、保護工作者、促進樹木健康長壽。
  12. 2025/12/02第7章、 樹木健康風險評估及管理:主要講述樹木風險評估基礎與數木健康風險檢測,同時講述診斷林木健康之因數,內容包含腐朽之評估。
    Chapter 7, Tree Health Risk Assessment and Management: It mainly describes the basics of tree risk assessment and tree health risk detection, and also describes the factors for diagnosing forest health, including the assessment of decay.

    備註

    行道樹及公園等都市樹木,是維持美麗都市景觀的基礎,另外也具有提供綠蔭等重要的機能性。透過研究各種都市樹木的管理方及管理技術,希望能打造出「健康且安心的綠意」,使綠意完全發揮其機能。行道樹診斷事業便是以安全目的為中心。追求安全、安心地道路空間,避免行道樹因颱風或強風倒下,或樹枝條斷落而造成人身及物品危害。
  13. 2025/12/09第8章、林木之非破壞性檢測(一):林木生長情形、樹齡、立木狀態包括主幹腐朽空洞及木材機械強度等相關健康指標則有賴非破壞性檢測方法(Nondestructive Testing Method ,NDT)建立與評估。
    Chapter 8, Non-destructive Testing of Forest Trees (1): Related health indicators such as forest growth, tree age, standing status, including trunk decay and cavity, and wood mechanical strength rely on the non-destructive testing method (NDT). and evaluation.

    備註

    傳統上為了瞭解木材特性,其方式便是砍伐樹木,製成試材進行試驗,其最可惜的就是對樹木的破壞,近年來,注重環境保護及資源保育問題,木材科學家已採用非破壞性檢測技術(Nondestructive evaluation (NDE)techniques)評估前立木、原木或木質材料等材質,如此便不需破壞材料或可應用評估或檢驗到受限制不可以破壞分解的物體上(如保護的樹木及木結構等)。
  14. 2025/12/16第8章、林木之非破壞性檢測(二):非破壞性試驗是指藉由非破壞性方法來評價材料的性質或者其內部的構造。在不損壞材料既定用途前提下的一種檢測工作,此項檢測工作的目的,可以用來檢查材料內在或外在的瑕疵、測量厚度,決定材料的結構或組成、測量或檢查物質的性質,本章介紹非破壞性檢測之原理與林木生理之關係。
    林木之非破壞性檢測 (三):本章實際介紹目前常用之非破壞性檢測方法與檢測儀器之介紹。
    Chapter 8. Non-destructive testing of forest trees (2): Non-destructive testing refers to the evaluation of the properties of materials or their internal structure through non-destructive methods. A kind of testing work without damaging the intended use of the material. The purpose of this testing work can be used to check the internal or external defects of the material, measure the thickness, determine the structure or composition of the material, measure or check the properties of the substance, This chapter introduces the relationship between the principles of non-destructive testing and forest physiology.
    Non-destructive testing of forest trees (3): This chapter actually introduces the currently commonly used non-destructive testing methods and testing instruments.

    備註

    目前非破壞性評估主要步驟提供如下考量,必要時可以增加其它檢測項目;
    1.一次診斷(初診):目視(VTA法)、打診、觸診。
    2.二次診斷(複診):超聲波法(或應力波法)、鑽孔抵抗法、鑽取樹芯法(微破壞儀)。
    3.綜合分析:綜合樹木生長之生物特性及樹木檢測之強度力學性質作為綜合性評估建議。
  15. 2025/12/23分組上台報告(一) Group reports on stage (1)
  16. 2025/12/30分組上台報告(二) Group reports on stage (2)
  17. 2026/01/06校外演講/講座,校外活動
  18. 2026/01/13校外演講/講座,校外活動